Iinyani eziphambili
Phakathi kowama-2015 nowama-2050, inani labemi behlabathi abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 liza kuphantse liphindwe kabini ukusuka kwi-12% ukuya kwi-22%.
Ngowama-2020, inani labantu abaneminyaka engama-60 nangaphezulu liza kuba ngaphezu kwenani labantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5.
Ngowama-2050, ama-80% abantu abadala baya kuhlala kumazwe anengeniso ephantsi nephakathi.
Isantya sokwaluphala kwabantu sikhawuleza kakhulu kunangaphambili.
Onke amazwe ajongene nemingeni emikhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zawo zempilo nezentlalo zikulungele ukusebenzisa olu tshintsho lwabantu.
Isishwankathelo
Abantu kwihlabathi liphela baphila ixesha elide. Namhlanje uninzi lwabantu lunokulindela ukuphila lufikelele kwiminyaka yabo engamashumi amathandathu nangaphezulu. Lonke ilizwe ehlabathini libona ukukhula ngobukhulu kunye nenani labantu abadala kubemi.
Ngowama-2030, umntu omnye kwabathandathu emhlabeni uza kube eneminyaka engama-60 nangaphezulu. Ngeli xesha isabelo sabantu abaneminyaka engama-60 nangaphezulu siya kwanda ukusuka kwibhiliyoni eli-1 ngo-2020 ukuya kwi-1.4 yezigidigidi. Ngowama-2050, inani labantu abaneminyaka engama-60 nangaphezulu emhlabeni liza kuphindaphindeka kabini (2.1 yezigidigidi). Inani labantu abaneminyaka engama-80 nangaphezulu kulindeleke ukuba liphindeke kathathu phakathi kowama-2020 nowama-2050 lifikelele kwizigidi ezingama-426.
Nangona olu tshintsho ekusasazweni kwabemi belizwe ukuya kubudala – olwaziwa ngokuba kukuguga kwabantu – lwaqala kumazwe anengeniso ephezulu (umzekelo eJapan, ama-30% abantu sele bengaphezulu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala), ngoku ngamazwe anengeniso ephantsi nephakathi afumana utshintsho olukhulu. Ngowama-2050, isibini kwisithathu sabantu behlabathi abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala baya kuhlala kumazwe anengeniso ephantsi nephakathi.
Ukwaluphala kuchaziwe
Kwinqanaba lebhayoloji, ukwaluphala kubangelwa yimpembelelo yokuqokelelwa komonakalo omkhulu weemolekyuli kunye neeseli ngokuhamba kwexesha. Oku kukhokelela ekunciphiseni kancinci kwamandla omzimba nengqondo, umngcipheko okhulayo wezifo kwaye ekugqibeleni ukufa. Olu tshintsho aluhambelani kwaye aluhambelani, kwaye luhambelana nje nobudala bomntu ngeminyaka. Ukwahluka okubonwa ebudaleni akusoloko kusenzeka. Ngaphaya kotshintsho lwebhayoloji, ukwaluphala kudla ngokunxulunyaniswa nezinye iinguqu zobomi ezifana nomhlalaphantsi, ukufudukela kwindawo efanelekileyo kunye nokufa kwabahlobo kunye namaqabane.
Iimeko zempilo eziqhelekileyo ezinxulumene nokwaluphala
Iimeko eziqhelekileyo kubantu abadala ziquka ukulahleka kokuva, i-cataracts kunye neempazamo ze-refractive, iintlungu zomqolo nentamo kunye ne-osteoarthritis, isifo esingapheliyo sokuvaleka kwemiphunga, isifo seswekile, ukudakumba kunye ne-dementia. Njengoko abantu bekhula, banamathuba amaninzi okuba neemeko ezininzi ngaxeshanye.
Ukwaluphala kukwabonakala ngokuvela kweemeko ezininzi zempilo ezintsonkothileyo ezibizwa ngokuba zii-geriatric syndromes. Zidla ngokuba ngumphumo wezinto ezininzi ezisisiseko kwaye ziquka ubuthathaka, ukungakwazi ukuzibamba komchamo, ukuwa, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye nezilonda zoxinzelelo.
Izinto ezichaphazela ukwaluphala okunempilo
Ubomi obude buzisa amathuba, kungekuphela nje kubantu abadala neentsapho zabo, kodwa nakwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Iminyaka eyongezelelweyo inika ithuba lokulandela imisebenzi emitsha efana nemfundo eqhubekayo, umsebenzi omtsha okanye umdla ongazange uthatyathwe kudala. Abantu abadala banegalelo ngeendlela ezininzi kwiintsapho zabo nakwiindawo abahlala kuzo. Sekunjalo ubungakanani bala mathuba kunye negalelo buxhomekeke kakhulu kwinto enye: impilo.
Ubungqina bubonisa ukuba inani lobomi kwimpilo entle lihlala lihleli, nto leyo ethetha ukuba iminyaka eyongezelelweyo ikwimpilo embi. Ukuba abantu banokuphila kule minyaka eyongezelelweyo yobomi besempilweni entle kwaye ukuba bahlala kwindawo ebaxhasayo, amandla abo okwenza izinto abazixabisayo aya kwahluka kancinci kowomntu omncinci. Ukuba le minyaka yongeziweyo ilawulwa kukwehla kwamandla omzimba nengqondo, iziphumo kubantu abadala nakuluntu zimbi ngakumbi.
Nangona ezinye zeendlela ezahlukeneyo zempilo yabantu abadala zisekelwe kwimfuza, uninzi lubangelwa ziindawo zabantu zempilo nezoluntu – kuquka amakhaya abo, iindawo zokuhlala, kunye noluntu, kunye neempawu zabo zobuqu – ezifana nesini sabo, uhlanga, okanye imeko yabo yezoqoqosho. Iindawo abantu abahlala kuzo besengabantwana – okanye kwanaxa besakhula – kunye neempawu zabo zobuqu, zinefuthe elide kwindlela abakhula ngayo.
Imeko-bume yomzimba neyentlalo zinokuchaphazela impilo ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngemiqobo okanye izikhuthazo ezichaphazela amathuba, izigqibo kunye nokuziphatha kwempilo. Ukugcina ukuziphatha okunempilo ubomi bonke, ngakumbi ukutya ukutya okunesondlo, ukwenza umthambo rhoqo kunye nokuphepha ukusebenzisa icuba, konke oku kuncedisa ekunciphiseni umngcipheko wezifo ezingosuleliyo, ukuphucula amandla omzimba nengqondo kunye nokulibazisa ukuxhomekeka kukhathalelo.
Iindawo ezixhasayo zomzimba nezentlalo zikwavumela abantu ukuba benze izinto ezibalulekileyo kubo, nangona belahlekelwe ngamandla abo. Ukufumaneka kwezakhiwo zikawonke-wonke ezikhuselekileyo nezifikelelekayo kunye nezothutho, kunye neendawo ezilula ukuhambahamba kuzo, yimizekelo yeendawo ezixhasayo. Ekuphuhliseni impendulo yempilo yoluntu ekwaluphaleni, kubalulekile kungekuphela nje ukuqwalasela iindlela zomntu ngamnye kunye nezokusingqongileyo ezilungisa ilahleko ezinxulumene nokwaluphala, kodwa kunye nezo zinokuqinisa ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo, ukuziqhelanisa nokukhula kwengqondo.
Imingeni ekuphenduleni ukwaluphala kwabantu
Akukho mntu uqhelekileyo umdala. Abanye abantu abaneminyaka engama-80 ubudala banamandla omzimba nawengqondo afana nabantu abaninzi abaneminyaka engama-30 ubudala. Abanye abantu bafumana ukwehla okukhulu kwamandla abo besebancinci kakhulu. Impendulo epheleleyo yezempilo yoluntu kufuneka ijongane nolu luhlu olubanzi lwamava neemfuno zabantu abadala.
Ukwahluka okubonwa ebudaleni akusoloko kwenzeka ngequbuliso. Inxalenye enkulu ivela kwiindawo ezingqongileyo zabantu ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwentlalo kunye nempembelelo yezi ndawo kumathuba abo kunye nokuziphatha kwabo kwimpilo. Ubudlelwane esinabo neendawo esihlala kuzo buphazanyiswa ziimpawu zobuqu ezifana nosapho esazalelwa kulo, isini sethu kunye nohlanga lwethu, nto leyo ekhokelela ekungalinganini kwimpilo.
Abantu abadala badla ngokuthathwa njengabantu ababuthathaka okanye abaxhomekeke kubo kwaye bangumthwalo kuluntu. Iingcali zempilo yoluntu, kunye noluntu luphela, kufuneka zijongane nezi kunye nezinye izimo zengqondo zabantu abadala, ezinokukhokelela ekucalucalulweni, zichaphazele indlela ephuhliswa ngayo imigaqo-nkqubo kunye namathuba abantu abadala abanawo okukhula ngendlela esempilweni.
Ukwanda kwehlabathi, uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji (umz., kwezothutho nonxibelelwano), ukufudukela ezidolophini, ukufuduka kunye nokutshintsha kwemigaqo yesini kuyayichaphazela ubomi babantu abadala ngeendlela ezithe ngqo nezingathanga ngqo. Impendulo yezempilo yoluntu kufuneka iqwalasele ezi ndlela zikhoyo neziqikelelweyo kwaye ibeke imigaqo-nkqubo ngokufanelekileyo.
Impendulo ye-WHO
I-United Nations General Assembly yabhengeza u-2021-2030 njengeShumi leminyaka lokuguga okunempilo yaza yacela i-WHO ukuba ikhokele ukuphunyezwa kwalo mbandela. IShumi leminyaka lokuguga okunempilo yintsebenziswano yehlabathi edibanisa oorhulumente, uluntu, ii-arhente zamazwe ngamazwe, iingcali, izifundiswa, abezindaba kunye namacandelo abucala kangangeminyaka eli-10 yesenzo esidibeneyo, esikhuthazayo nesibambiseneyo sokukhuthaza ubomi obude nobunempilo.
Eli Xesha Lilishumi lakha phezu kweSicwangciso seHlabathi kunye neSicwangciso sokuSebenza se-WHO kunye neSicwangciso seZizwe eziManyeneyo saseMadrid International Plan of Action on Ageing kwaye sixhasa ukufezekiswa kwe-Ajenda yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ka-2030 malunga noPhuhliso oluZinzileyo kunye neenjongo zoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo.
Ishumi leminyaka lokuguga okunempilo (2021–2030) lijonge ukunciphisa ukungalingani kwezempilo nokuphucula ubomi babantu abadala, iintsapho zabo kunye noluntu ngokusebenzisa intshukumo edibeneyo kwiindawo ezine: ukutshintsha indlela esicinga ngayo, esiziva ngayo nesiziphatha ngayo xa sijongana nobudala kunye nokuguga; ukuphuhlisa uluntu ngeendlela ezikhuthaza izakhono zabantu abadala; ukubonelela ngononophelo oludibeneyo olujoliswe kumntu ngamnye kunye neenkonzo zempilo eziphambili ezisabela kubantu abadala; kunye nokubonelela abantu abadala abaludingayo ngokufikelela kunyango olusemgangathweni lwexesha elide.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-24-2021
