Izibakala eziphambili
Phakathi kowama-2015 no-2050, umyinge wabemi behlabathi kwisithuba seminyaka engama-60 uya phantse kabini ukusuka kwi-12% ukuya kuma-22%.
Ngo-2020, inani labantu abaneminyaka engama-60 nangaphezulu liya kodlula abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5.
Ngo-2050, i-80% yabantu abadala baya kuhlala kumazwe anengeniso ephantsi kunye nephakathi.
Isantya sokuguga kwabantu sikhawuleza kakhulu kunangaphambili.
Onke amazwe ajongene nemingeni emikhulu yokuqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zabo zempilo kunye nezentlalo zikulungele ukwenza ubuninzi bolu tshintsho lwabantu.
Isishwankathelo
Abantu ehlabathini lonke baphila ixesha elide. Namhlanje uninzi lwabantu lunokulindela ukuphila kwiminyaka engamashumi amathandathu nangaphezulu. Ilizwe ngalinye ehlabathini lifumana ukukhula kubungakanani nakumlinganiselo wabantu abadala kubemi.
Ngo-2030, umntu om-1 kwaba-6 emhlabeni uya kuba neminyaka engama-60 nangaphezulu. Ngeli xesha isabelo sabemi abaneminyaka engama-60 nangaphezulu siya kunyuka ukusuka kwibhiliyoni e-1 ngo-2020 ukuya kwi-1.4 yezigidigidi. Ngo-2050, abantu behlabathi abaneminyaka engama-60 nangaphezulu baya kuphinda kabini (i-2.1 yeebhiliyoni). Inani labantu abaneminyaka engama-80 ubudala nangaphezulu kulindeleke ukuba liphindaphindeke kathathu phakathi kuka-2020 no-2050 ukuze lifike kwi-426 yezigidi.
Ngelixa olu tshintsho kulwabiwo lwabemi belizwe ukuya kubantu abadala - okwaziwa njengokuguga kwabantu - luqale kumazwe anengeniso ephezulu (umzekelo eJapan i-30% yabemi sele ingaphezulu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala), ngoku iphantsi kwaye iphakathi- amazwe anengeniso abona utshintsho olukhulu. Ngo-2050, isibini kwisithathu sabemi behlabathi kwiminyaka engama-60 baya kuhlala kumazwe anengeniso ephantsi kunye nephakathi.
Ukwaluphala kucacisile
Kwinqanaba lebhayoloji, ukuguga kuphumela kwimpembelelo yokuqokelelwa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomonakalo wemolekyuli kunye neeseli ngokuhamba kwexesha. Oku kukhokelela ekuncipheni ngokuthe ngcembe kumandla omzimba nengqondo, umngcipheko okhulayo wezifo kunye nokufa ekugqibeleni. Olu tshintsho alufani kwaye aluhambelani, kwaye lunxulunyaniswa ngokukhululekileyo nobudala bomntu kwiminyaka. Iyantlukwano ebonwa kubantu abadala ayiyonto ingaqhelekanga. Ngaphandle kweenguqu zebhayoloji, ukwaluphala kuhlala kunxulunyaniswa nolunye utshintsho lobomi olufana nomhlalaphantsi, ukufudukela kwindawo efanelekileyo kwizindlu kunye nokufa kwabahlobo kunye namaqabane.
Iimeko zempilo eziqhelekileyo ezinxulumene nokuguga
Iimeko eziqhelekileyo kwixesha elidala zibandakanya ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe, i-cataracts kunye neempazamo ze-refractive, iintlungu zangasemva kunye nentamo kunye ne-osteoarthritis, isifo esingapheliyo se-pulmonary obstructive, isifo seswekile, ukudakumba kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Njengoko abantu bekhula, banokufumana iimeko ezininzi ngexesha elinye.
Ubudala bukwaphawulwa ngokuvela kweendawo ezininzi zempilo ezintsonkothileyo ezibizwa ngokuba zii-geriatric syndromes. Zihlala zisisiphumo sezinto ezininzi ezisisiseko kwaye zibandakanya ubuthathaka, ukungaphumeleli komchamo, ukuwa, i-delirium kunye nezilonda zoxinzelelo.
Izinto ezichaphazela ukwaluphala okunempilo
Ubomi obude buzisa namathuba, kungekuphela nje kubantu abadala kunye neentsapho zabo, kodwa nakuluntu ngokubanzi. Iminyaka eyongezelelweyo inika ithuba lokulandela imisebenzi emitsha enje ngemfundo ethe kratya, umsebenzi omtsha okanye umdla okudala ungahoywanga. Kwakhona abantu abalupheleyo banikela ngeendlela ezininzi kwiintsapho zabo nakwiindawo abahlala kuzo. Ukanti ubungakanani bala mathuba kunye namagalelo axhomekeke kakhulu kwinto enye: impilo.
Ubungqina bubonisa ukuba umlinganiselo wobomi kwimpilo entle uhlala uhleli ungaguquguquki, nto leyo ethetha ukuba iminyaka eyongezelelweyo ikwimpilo enkenenkene. Ukuba abantu banokuba namava ale minyaka yongezelelekileyo yobomi besempilweni entle yaye ukuba bahlala kwindawo enenkxaso, amandla abo okwenza izinto abazixabisayo aya kwahluka kancinane kowabantu abaselula. Ukuba le minyaka yongezelelekileyo ilawulwa kukuhla kwamandla omzimba nengqondo, iimpembelelo kubantu abadala kunye noluntu zibi kakhulu.
Nangona ezinye iiyantlukwano kwimpilo yabantu abadala ziyimfuza, uninzi lubangelwa ziimeko-bume zabantu ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwentlalo- kubandakanywa amakhaya abo, ubumelwane, noluntu, kunye neempawu zabo zobuqu - ezifana nesini sabo, ubuhlanga, okanye isimo sentlalo noqoqosho. Iimeko ezingqongileyo abantu abahlala kuzo njengabantwana - okanye njengabantwana abakhulayo - kudityaniswe neempawu zabo zobuqu, zineziphumo zexesha elide malunga nendlela abakhula ngayo.
Ubume bomzimba kunye nentlalontle inokuchaphazela impilo ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngemiqobo okanye inkuthazo echaphazela amathuba, izigqibo kunye nokuziphatha kwezempilo. Ukugcina ukuziphatha okunempilo kubo bonke ubomi, ngokukodwa ukutya ukutya okunokulinganisela, ukwenza umsebenzi womzimba rhoqo kunye nokuyeka ukusebenzisa icuba, zonke zinegalelo ekunciphiseni umngcipheko wezifo ezingenakusuleleka, ukuphucula amandla omzimba kunye nengqondo kunye nokulibazisa ukuxhomekeka kokunyamekela.
Iimeko ezixhasayo ngokwasemzimbeni kunye nezentlalo zikwavumela abantu ukuba benze okubalulekileyo kubo, nangona belahlekelwe ngamandla. Ubukho bezakhiwo zikawonke-wonke ezikhuselekileyo nezifikelelekayo kunye nezithuthi, kunye neendawo ekulula ukuhamba kuzo, ziyimizekelo yeendawo ezixhasayo. Ekuphuhliseni impendulo yempilo yoluntu ekugugeni, kubalulekile ukuba ungaqwalaseli nje iindlela zomntu kunye nezokusingqongileyo eziphucula ilahleko ehambelana nokuguga, kodwa kunye nezo zinokuthi ziqinise ukubuyiswa, ukulungelelanisa kunye nokukhula kwengqondo.
Imingeni ekuphenduleni ukuguga kwabantu
Akakho umntu omdala oqhelekileyo. Abanye abantu abaneminyaka engama-80 ubudala banamandla ngokwasemzimbeni nasengqondweni afana nabaninzi abaneminyaka engama-30 ubudala. Abanye abantu bafumana ukuhla okukhulu kwizakhono kwiminyaka emncinci kakhulu. Impendulo ebanzi yempilo yoluntu kufuneka ijongane nolu luhlu lubanzi lwamava kunye neemfuno zabantu abadala.
Iyantlukwano ebonwa kubantu abadala ayiyonto ingaqhelekanga. Inxalenye enkulu ivela kwimo engqongileyo yabantu ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwentlalo kunye nefuthe lezi meko kumathuba abo kunye nokuziphatha kwezempilo. Ubudlelwane esinabo kunye neendawo esihlala kuzo zityhelwa ziimpawu zobuntu ezifana nosapho esizalelwe kulo, isini sethu kunye nobuhlanga bethu, okukhokelela kukungalingani kwezempilo.
Abantu abadala basoloko becingelwa ukuba babuthathaka okanye baxhomekeke kwaye bangumthwalo eluntwini. Iingcali zempilo yoluntu, kunye noluntu ngokubanzi, kufuneka zijongane nezi kunye nezinye izimo zengqondo zobudala, ezinokukhokelela kucalucalulo, zichaphazela indlela imigaqo-nkqubo ephuhliswa ngayo kunye namathuba abantu abadala abanalo ukuguga okunempilo.
Urhwebo lwehlabathi, uphuhliso lobuchwepheshe (umz., kwezothutho nonxibelelwano), ukufudukela kwabantu ezidolophini, ukufuduka kunye nokutshintsha kwezithethe zesini zinefuthe kubomi babantu abadala ngendlela ethe ngqo nengathanga ngqo. Impendulo yezempilo yoluntu kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo le mikhwa yangoku kunye neqikelelweyo kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo emiselweyo ngokufanelekileyo.
Impendulo ye-WHO
INdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yabhengeza i-2021-2030 ishumi leminyaka yokuguga okunempilo kwaye yacela i-WHO ukuba ikhokele ukuphunyezwa. Iminyaka elishumi yokuguga okunempilo yintsebenziswano yehlabathi edibanisa oorhulumente, uluntu, ii-arhente zamazwe ngamazwe, iingcali, izifundiswa, abeendaba kunye necandelo labucala le-10 iminyaka edibeneyo, i-catalytic kunye nentsebenziswano yokukhuthaza ubomi obude nobunempilo.
Ishumi leminyaka lakha kwiSicwangciso seHlabathi se-WHO kunye neSicwangciso sokuSebenza kunye neSicwangciso seZizwe eziManyeneyo saseMadrid sokuSebenza ngokuguga kunye nokuxhasa ukufezekiswa kwe-Agenda yeZizwe eziManyeneyo 2030 ngoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo kunye neenjongo zoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo.
Iminyaka elishumi yokuguga okunempilo (2021-2030) ifuna ukunciphisa ukungalingani kwezempilo kunye nokuphucula ubomi babantu abadala, iintsapho zabo kunye noluntu ngokusebenza ngokubambisana kwiindawo ezine: ukutshintsha indlela esicinga ngayo, ukuvakalelwa kunye nokwenza izinto malunga nobudala kunye nobudala; ukuphuhlisa uluntu ngeendlela ezikhuthaza izakhono zabantu abadala; ukunikezela ngokhathalelo oluhlangeneyo olugxile emntwini kunye neenkonzo zempilo ezingundoqo ezisabelayo kubantu abadala; kunye nokubonelela abantu abadala abaludingayo ngokufikelela kukhathalelo olusemgangathweni lwexesha elide.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-24-2021
